第一篇先做个抛砖引玉,对pixhawk做个简介。
Pixhawk简介
Pixhawk是一款基于ARM芯片的32位开源飞控,由ETH的computer vision and geometry group的博士生Lorenz Meier开发。最初采用的是分体式的设计即px4(由px4fmu和px4io两个组件组成),后合并成一个整体形成现在的pixhawk。其硬件和软件都开源,因此衍生出很多不同的软硬件版本,最初的分销商是美国的3D Robotics。
pixhawk主要的衍生版本有:
- px4:早期的pixhawk,px4fmu和px4io采用分体式设计
- pixhawk:最主要的、使用最广泛的版本
- pixhawk 2:3DR的solo无人机使用的版本
- pixfalcon:轻量化的pixhawk,介绍io输出,为FPV穿越设计的版本
- pixracer:简化版pixhawk,去除了协处理器,增加wifi功能,专为穿越设计的版本
硬件组成:
处理器:
- 32-bit ARM Cortex M4 STM32F427VI (180Mhz, 256KB L1 SRAM, 2MB Flash) with single precision FPU (Floating Processing Unit)
- 32-bit ARM Cortex M3 STM32F100 (24Mhz, 8K SRAM, 64K Flash) failsafe co-processor
传感器:
- Invensense MPU6000 3-axis accelerometer/gyroscope (加速度计+陀螺仪)
- STM LSM303D accelerometer/magnetometer (加速度计+磁力计)
- STM L3GD20H gyroscope (陀螺仪)
- MEAS MS5611 barometer (气压计)
接口:
- 5x UART (serial ports), one high-power capable, 2x with HW flow control
- 2x CAN (one with internal 3.3V transceiver, one on expansion connector)
- Spektrum DSM/DSM2/DSM-X satellite compatible input
- Futaba SBUS compatible input and output
- PPM sum signal input
- RSSI (PWM or voltage) input
- I2C
- SPI
- 3.3V and 6.6V ADC inputs
- Internal microUSB port and external microUSB port extension
- 14x PWM/Servo outputs, 8 with failsafe and manual override, 6x auxiliary high-power compatible
接口接线定义:
TELEM1, TELEM2 ports PinSignalVolt
1 (red)VCC+5V
2 (blk)TX (OUT)+3.3V
3 (blk)RX (IN)+3.3V
4 (blk)CTS (IN)+3.3V
5 (blk)RTS (OUT)+3.3V
6 (blk)GNDGND
GPS port PinSignalVolt
1 (red)VCC+5V
2 (blk)TX (OUT)+3.3V
3 (blk)RX (IN)+3.3V
4 (blk)CAN2 TX+3.3V
5 (blk)CAN2 RX+3.3V
6 (blk)GNDGND
SERIAL 4/5 port - due to space constraints two ports are on one connector. PinSignalVolt
1 (red)VCC+5V
2 (blk)TX (#4)+3.3V
3 (blk)RX (#4)+3.3V
4 (blk)TX (#5)+3.3V
5 (blk)RX (#5)+3.3V
6 (blk)GNDGND
ADC 6.6V PinSignalVolt
1 (red)VCC+5V
2 (blk)ADC INup to +6.6V
3 (blk)GNDGND
ADC 3.3V PinSignalVolt
1 (red)VCC+5V
2 (blk)ADC INup to +3.3V
3 (blk)GNDGND
4 (blk)ADC INup to +3.3V
5 (blk)GNDGND
I2C PinSignalVolt
1 (red)VCC+5V
2 (blk)SCL+3.3 (pullups)
3 (blk)SDA+3.3 (pullups)
4 (blk)GNDGND
CAN PinSignalVolt
1 (red)VCC+5V
2 (blk)CAN_H+12V
3 (blk)CAN_L+12V
4 (blk)GNDGND
SPI PinSignalVolt
1 (red)VCC+5V
2 (blk)SPI_EXT_SCK+3.3
3 (blk)SPI_EXT_MISO+3.3
4 (blk)SPI_EXT_MOSI+3.3
5 (blk)!SPI_EXT_NSS+3.3
6 (blk)!GPIO_EXT+3.3
7 (blk)GNDGND
POWER PinSignalVolt
1 (red)VCC+5V
2 (blk)VCC+5V
3 (blk)CURRENT+3.3V
4 (blk)VOLTAGE+3.3V
5 (blk)GNDGND
6 (blk)GNDGND
SWITCH PinSignalVolt
1 (red)VCC+3.3V
2 (blk)!IO_LED_SAFETYGND
3 (blk)SAFETYGND
终端接口:
系统的终端接口为SERIAL4/5 (实际只使用第五个串口,即s5),为标准串口接线,可直接连接FTDI(默认3.3V,兼容5V)。接线图如下:
Pixhawk FTDI
1+5V (red)N/C
2S4 TxN/C
3S4 RxN/C
4S5 Tx
FTDI RX
5S5 Rx
FTDI TX
6GND
FTDI GND
pixhawk的Tx (第四根针,下图蓝色) 接FTDI的Rx,同时pixhawk的Rx (第五根针,下图黄色) 接FTDI的Tx。(注意接口的方向!)
接口接头:
female接头型号:DF13-*p-1.25h
male接头型号: DF13-*s-1.25c
压线头型号:DF13-2630(最大26AWG,最小30AWG,pixhawk的配线为30AWG)
注:*为接线个数,例如Serial4/5接头为DF13-6p-1.25h和DF13-6s-1.25c
这里标注的接头型号为3DR版本的接头,淘宝上许多厂家生产的并非这一接口,具体接口型号自行查询。
配件:
- 电压电流传感器(标配):标配最大支持4s锂电
- I2C splitter(标配)
- 数传:
- GPS with compass(选配):uBlox NEO-7 + HMC5883L compass
- px4flow(光流传感器,选配)
- PPM编码器(选配)
- Pitot tube(空速管,选配)
小结
Pixhawk的基本情况已在这一篇笔记里提供了,下一篇笔记将介绍一个四轴无人机的搭建,用grouncontrol配置pixhawk。
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